ലിനക്സ് പ്രക്രിയകളുടെ ട്രബിൾഷൂട്ടിംഗിനും ഡീബഗ്ഗിംഗിനുമുള്ള 10 സ്ട്രേസ് കമാൻഡുകൾ
ലിനക്uസ് പോലുള്ള യുണിക്uസ് പോലുള്ള ഓപ്പറേറ്റിംഗ് സിസ്റ്റങ്ങളിലെ പ്രോഗ്രാമുകൾ ഡീബഗ്ഗിംഗിനും പ്രശ്uനങ്ങൾ ഷൂട്ട് ചെയ്യുന്നതിനുമുള്ള ശക്തമായ കമാൻഡ് ലൈൻ ഉപകരണമാണ് സ്uട്രേസ്. ഇത് ഒരു പ്രോസസ്സ് ചെയ്യുന്ന എല്ലാ സിസ്റ്റം കോളുകളും പ്രോസസ്സ് സ്വീകരിച്ച സിഗ്നലുകളും ക്യാപ്uചർ ചെയ്യുകയും റെക്കോർഡ് ചെയ്യുകയും ചെയ്യുന്നു.
ഒരു പരാന്തീസിസിൽ ഉൾപ്പെടുത്തിയിരിക്കുന്ന അതിന്റെ ആർഗ്യുമെന്റുകളും സ്റ്റാൻഡേർഡ് എററിലേക്ക് അതിന്റെ മൂല്യം തിരികെ നൽകിക്കൊണ്ട് ഓരോ സിസ്റ്റം കോളിന്റെയും പേര് ഇത് പ്രദർശിപ്പിക്കുന്നു; നിങ്ങൾക്ക് ഇത് ഓപ്ഷണലായി ഒരു ഫയലിലേക്കും റീഡയറക്uട് ചെയ്യാം.
ഈ ലേഖനത്തിൽ, ഒരു ലിനക്സ് സിസ്റ്റത്തിലെ പ്രോഗ്രാമുകളും പ്രോസസുകളും ട്രബിൾഷൂട്ടിംഗിനും ഡീബഗ്ഗിംഗ് ചെയ്യുന്നതിനുമുള്ള 10 സ്uട്രേസ് കമാൻഡ് ഉദാഹരണങ്ങൾ ഞങ്ങൾ വിശദീകരിക്കും.
Linux-ൽ Strate Process Monitoring Tool എങ്ങനെ ഇൻസ്റ്റാൾ ചെയ്യാം
നിങ്ങളുടെ Linux സിസ്റ്റത്തിൽ സ്uട്രേസ് പ്രീ-ഇൻസ്റ്റാൾ ചെയ്തിട്ടില്ലെങ്കിൽ, നിങ്ങളുടെ വിതരണത്തിനായി താഴെയുള്ള ഉചിതമായ കമാൻഡ് പ്രവർത്തിപ്പിക്കുക, അത് ഇൻസ്റ്റാൾ ചെയ്യുക.
$ sudo apt install strace #Debian/Ubuntu # yum install strace #RHEL/CentOS # dnf install strace #Fedora 22+
ഒരു പ്രോഗ്രാം ക്രാഷാകുകയോ പ്രതീക്ഷിക്കാത്ത വിധത്തിൽ പ്രവർത്തിക്കുകയോ ചെയ്താൽ, അതിന്റെ നിർവ്വഹണ വേളയിൽ കൃത്യമായി എന്താണ് സംഭവിച്ചതെന്ന് അറിയാൻ നിങ്ങൾക്ക് അതിന്റെ സിസ്റ്റം കോളുകളിലൂടെ പോകാം. നമ്മൾ പിന്നീട് കാണുന്നത് പോലെ, സിസ്റ്റം കോളുകളെ വ്യത്യസ്ത ഇവന്റുകൾ പ്രകാരം തരംതിരിക്കാം: പ്രോസസ്സ് മാനേജ്മെന്റുമായി ബന്ധപ്പെട്ടവ, ഒരു ഫയൽ ഒരു ആർഗ്യുമെന്റായി എടുക്കുന്നവ, നെറ്റ്uവർക്കിംഗ്, മെമ്മറി മാപ്പിംഗ്, സിഗ്നലുകൾ, ഐപിസി, കൂടാതെ ഫയൽ ഡിസ്ക്രിപ്റ്ററുമായി ബന്ധപ്പെട്ട സിസ്റ്റം കോളുകൾ എന്നിവ ഉൾപ്പെടുന്നവ.
ഇനിപ്പറയുന്ന ഉദാഹരണങ്ങളിലെന്നപോലെ നിങ്ങൾക്ക് ഒരു പ്രോഗ്രാം/കമാൻഡ് സ്uട്രെയ്uസ് ഉപയോഗിച്ച് പ്രവർത്തിപ്പിക്കാം അല്ലെങ്കിൽ -p
ഓപ്ഷൻ ഉപയോഗിച്ച് അതിലേക്ക് ഒരു PID കൈമാറാം.
1. Linux കമാൻഡ് സിസ്റ്റം കോളുകൾ കണ്ടെത്തുക
നിങ്ങൾക്ക് ഇതുപോലുള്ള സ്uട്രെയ്uസ് ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഒരു കമാൻഡ് പ്രവർത്തിപ്പിക്കാൻ കഴിയും, ഇവിടെ ഞങ്ങൾ df കമാൻഡ് മുഖേനയുള്ള എല്ലാ സിസ്റ്റം കോളുകളും ട്രാക്കുചെയ്യുന്നു.
$ strace df -h execve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 50 vars */]) = 0 brk(NULL) = 0x136e000 access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) mmap(NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f82f78fd000 access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3 fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0 mmap(NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7f82f78d8000 close(3) = 0 access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) open("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3 read(3, "7ELF$ strace df -h execve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 50 vars */]) = 0 brk(NULL) = 0x136e000 access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) mmap(NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f82f78fd000 access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3 fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0 mmap(NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7f82f78d8000 close(3) = 0 access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) open("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3 read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0P\t\2\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832 fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0 mmap(NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7f82f7310000 ...$ strace df -h execve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 50 vars */]) = 0 brk(NULL) = 0x136e000 access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) mmap(NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f82f78fd000 access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3 fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0 mmap(NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7f82f78d8000 close(3) = 0 access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) open("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3 read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0P\t\2\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832 fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0 mmap(NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7f82f7310000 ...$ strace df -h execve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 50 vars */]) = 0 brk(NULL) = 0x136e000 access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) mmap(NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f82f78fd000 access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3 fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0 mmap(NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7f82f78d8000 close(3) = 0 access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) open("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3 read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0P\t\2\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832 fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0 mmap(NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7f82f7310000 ...$ strace df -h execve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 50 vars */]) = 0 brk(NULL) = 0x136e000 access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) mmap(NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f82f78fd000 access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3 fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0 mmap(NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7f82f78d8000 close(3) = 0 access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) open("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3 read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0P\t\2\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832 fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0 mmap(NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7f82f7310000 ...$ strace df -h execve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 50 vars */]) = 0 brk(NULL) = 0x136e000 access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) mmap(NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f82f78fd000 access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3 fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0 mmap(NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7f82f78d8000 close(3) = 0 access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) open("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3 read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0P\t\2\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832 fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0 mmap(NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7f82f7310000 ...$ strace df -h execve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 50 vars */]) = 0 brk(NULL) = 0x136e000 access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) mmap(NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f82f78fd000 access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3 fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0 mmap(NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7f82f78d8000 close(3) = 0 access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) open("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3 read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0P\t\2\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832 fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0 mmap(NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7f82f7310000 ...$ strace df -h execve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 50 vars */]) = 0 brk(NULL) = 0x136e000 access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) mmap(NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f82f78fd000 access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3 fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0 mmap(NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7f82f78d8000 close(3) = 0 access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) open("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3 read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0P\t\2\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832 fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0 mmap(NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7f82f7310000 ...$ strace df -h execve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 50 vars */]) = 0 brk(NULL) = 0x136e000 access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) mmap(NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f82f78fd000 access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3 fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0 mmap(NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7f82f78d8000 close(3) = 0 access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) open("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3 read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0P\t\2\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832 fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0 mmap(NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7f82f7310000 ...$ strace df -h execve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 50 vars */]) = 0 brk(NULL) = 0x136e000 access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) mmap(NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f82f78fd000 access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3 fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0 mmap(NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7f82f78d8000 close(3) = 0 access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) open("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3 read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0P\t\2\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832 fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0 mmap(NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7f82f7310000 ...$ strace df -h execve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 50 vars */]) = 0 brk(NULL) = 0x136e000 access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) mmap(NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f82f78fd000 access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3 fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0 mmap(NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7f82f78d8000 close(3) = 0 access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) open("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3 read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0P\t\2\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832 fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0 mmap(NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7f82f7310000 ...$ strace df -h execve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 50 vars */]) = 0 brk(NULL) = 0x136e000 access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) mmap(NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f82f78fd000 access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3 fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0 mmap(NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7f82f78d8000 close(3) = 0 access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) open("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3 read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0P\t\2\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832 fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0 mmap(NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7f82f7310000 ...$ strace df -h execve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 50 vars */]) = 0 brk(NULL) = 0x136e000 access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) mmap(NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f82f78fd000 access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3 fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0 mmap(NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7f82f78d8000 close(3) = 0 access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) open("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3 read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0P\t\2\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832 fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0 mmap(NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7f82f7310000 ...$ strace df -h execve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 50 vars */]) = 0 brk(NULL) = 0x136e000 access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) mmap(NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f82f78fd000 access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3 fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0 mmap(NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7f82f78d8000 close(3) = 0 access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) open("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3 read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0P\t\2\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832 fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0 mmap(NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7f82f7310000 ...$ strace df -h execve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 50 vars */]) = 0 brk(NULL) = 0x136e000 access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) mmap(NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f82f78fd000 access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3 fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0 mmap(NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7f82f78d8000 close(3) = 0 access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) open("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3 read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0P\t\2\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832 fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0 mmap(NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7f82f7310000 ...$ strace df -h execve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 50 vars */]) = 0 brk(NULL) = 0x136e000 access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) mmap(NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f82f78fd000 access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3 fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0 mmap(NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7f82f78d8000 close(3) = 0 access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) open("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3 read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0P\t\2\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832 fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0 mmap(NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7f82f7310000 ...$ strace df -h execve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 50 vars */]) = 0 brk(NULL) = 0x136e000 access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) mmap(NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f82f78fd000 access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3 fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0 mmap(NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7f82f78d8000 close(3) = 0 access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) open("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3 read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0P\t\2\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832 fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0 mmap(NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7f82f7310000 ...$ strace df -h execve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 50 vars */]) = 0 brk(NULL) = 0x136e000 access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) mmap(NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f82f78fd000 access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3 fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0 mmap(NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7f82f78d8000 close(3) = 0 access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) open("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3 read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0P\t\2\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832 fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0 mmap(NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7f82f7310000 ...$ strace df -h execve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 50 vars */]) = 0 brk(NULL) = 0x136e000 access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) mmap(NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f82f78fd000 access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3 fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0 mmap(NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7f82f78d8000 close(3) = 0 access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) open("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3 read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0P\t\2\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832 fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0 mmap(NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7f82f7310000 ...മുകളിലുള്ള ഔട്ട്uപുട്ടിൽ നിന്ന്, df കമാൻഡ് ഉപയോഗിച്ച് നിർമ്മിച്ച വിവിധ തരം സിസ്റ്റം കോളുകൾ നിങ്ങൾക്ക് കാണാൻ കഴിയും, ഉദാഹരണത്തിന്.
open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3എവിടെ:
- തുറക്കുക - സിസ്റ്റം കോളിന്റെ തരമാണ്
- (“/etc/ld.so.cache”, O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) – സിസ്റ്റം കോൾ ആർഗ്യുമെന്റ്
- 3 - സിസ്റ്റം കോൾ റിട്ടേൺ മൂല്യം
റൈറ്റ് സിസ്റ്റം കോളുകൾ കാണിക്കുന്ന ഒരു സാമ്പിൾ ഔട്ട്uപുട്ട് ചുവടെയുണ്ട്, അത് സ്ക്രീനിൽ df കമാൻഡ് ഔട്ട്പുട്ട് പ്രദർശിപ്പിക്കുന്നു.
mmap(NULL, 26258, PROT_READ, MAP_SHARED, 3, 0) = 0x7f82f78f5000 close(3) = 0 fstat(1, {st_mode=S_IFCHR|0620, st_rdev=makedev(136, 1), ...}) = 0 write(1, "Filesystem Size Used Avail"..., 49Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on ) = 49 write(1, "udev 3.9G 0 3.9G"..., 43udev 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /dev ) = 43 write(1, "tmpfs 788M 9.6M 779M"..., 43tmpfs 788M 9.6M 779M 2% /run ) = 43 write(1, "/dev/sda10 324G 252G 56G"..., 40/dev/sda10 324G 252G 56G 82% / ) = 40 write(1, "tmpfs 3.9G 104M 3.8G"..., 47tmpfs 3.9G 104M 3.8G 3% /dev/shm ) = 47 write(1, "tmpfs 5.0M 4.0K 5.0M"..., 48tmpfs 5.0M 4.0K 5.0M 1% /run/lock ) = 48 write(1, "tmpfs 3.9G 0 3.9G"..., 53tmpfs 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup ) = 53 write(1, "cgmfs 100K 0 100K"..., 56cgmfs 100K 0 100K 0% /run/cgmanager/fs ) = 56 write(1, "tmpfs 788M 36K 788M"..., 53tmpfs 788M 36K 788M 1% /run/user/1000 ) = 53 close(1) = 0 close(2) = 0 exit_group(0) = ? +++ exited with 0 +++
2. Linux പ്രോസസ്സ് PID കണ്ടെത്തുക
ഒരു പ്രോസസ്സ് ഇതിനകം തന്നെ പ്രവർത്തിക്കുന്നുണ്ടെങ്കിൽ, അതിന്റെ PID ഇനിപ്പറയുന്ന രീതിയിൽ പാസ്സാക്കി നിങ്ങൾക്ക് അത് കണ്ടെത്താനാകും; ഇത് നിങ്ങളുടെ സ്uക്രീൻ തുടർച്ചയായ ഔട്ട്uപുട്ട് ഉപയോഗിച്ച് നിറയ്ക്കും, അത് പ്രോസസ്സ് വഴി ചെയ്യുന്ന സിസ്റ്റം കോളുകൾ കാണിക്കുന്നു, ഇത് അവസാനിപ്പിക്കാൻ, [Ctrl + C]
അമർത്തുക.
$ sudo strace -p 3569 strace: Process 3569 attached restart_syscall(<... resuming interrupted poll ...>) = 1 recvmsg(4, {msg_name(0)=NULL, msg_iov(1)=[{"U0!70$ sudo strace -p 3569 strace: Process 3569 attached restart_syscall(<... resuming interrupted poll ...>) = 1 recvmsg(4, {msg_name(0)=NULL, msg_iov(1)=[{"U\2\24\300!\247\330\0\3\24\4\0\20\0\0\0\0\0\0\24\24\24\24\24\0\0\3\37%\2\0\0", 4096}], msg_controllen=0, msg_flags=0}, 0) = 32 recvmsg(4, 0x7ffee4dbf870, 0) = -1 EAGAIN (Resource temporarily unavailable) recvmsg(4, 0x7ffee4dbf850, 0) = -1 EAGAIN (Resource temporarily unavailable) poll([{fd=3, events=POLLIN}, {fd=4, events=POLLIN}, {fd=5, events=POLLIN}, {fd=10, events=POLLIN}, {fd=30, events=POLLIN}, {fd=31, events=POLLIN}], 6, -1) = 1 ([{fd=31, revents=POLLIN}]) read(31, "\372", 1) = 1 recvmsg(4, 0x7ffee4dbf850, 0) = -1 EAGAIN (Resource temporarily unavailable) poll([{fd=3, events=POLLIN}, {fd=4, events=POLLIN}, {fd=5, events=POLLIN}, {fd=10, events=POLLIN}, {fd=30, events=POLLIN}, {fd=31, events=POLLIN}], 6, 0) = 1 ([{fd=31, revents=POLLIN}]) read(31, "\372", 1) = 1 recvmsg(4, 0x7ffee4dbf850, 0) = -1 EAGAIN (Resource temporarily unavailable) poll([{fd=3, events=POLLIN}, {fd=4, events=POLLIN}, {fd=5, events=POLLIN}, {fd=10, events=POLLIN}, {fd=30, events=POLLIN}, {fd=31, events=POLLIN}], 6, 0) = 0 (Timeout) mprotect(0x207faa20000, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE) = 0 mprotect(0x207faa20000, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC) = 0 mprotect(0x207faa21000, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE) = 0 mprotect(0x207faa21000, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC) = 0 ...$ sudo strace -p 3569 strace: Process 3569 attached restart_syscall(<... resuming interrupted poll ...>) = 1 recvmsg(4, {msg_name(0)=NULL, msg_iov(1)=[{"U\2\24\300!\247\330\0\3\24\4\0\20\0\0\0\0\0\0\24\24\24\24\24\0\0\3\37%\2\0\0", 4096}], msg_controllen=0, msg_flags=0}, 0) = 32 recvmsg(4, 0x7ffee4dbf870, 0) = -1 EAGAIN (Resource temporarily unavailable) recvmsg(4, 0x7ffee4dbf850, 0) = -1 EAGAIN (Resource temporarily unavailable) poll([{fd=3, events=POLLIN}, {fd=4, events=POLLIN}, {fd=5, events=POLLIN}, {fd=10, events=POLLIN}, {fd=30, events=POLLIN}, {fd=31, events=POLLIN}], 6, -1) = 1 ([{fd=31, revents=POLLIN}]) read(31, "\372", 1) = 1 recvmsg(4, 0x7ffee4dbf850, 0) = -1 EAGAIN (Resource temporarily unavailable) poll([{fd=3, events=POLLIN}, {fd=4, events=POLLIN}, {fd=5, events=POLLIN}, {fd=10, events=POLLIN}, {fd=30, events=POLLIN}, {fd=31, events=POLLIN}], 6, 0) = 1 ([{fd=31, revents=POLLIN}]) read(31, "\372", 1) = 1 recvmsg(4, 0x7ffee4dbf850, 0) = -1 EAGAIN (Resource temporarily unavailable) poll([{fd=3, events=POLLIN}, {fd=4, events=POLLIN}, {fd=5, events=POLLIN}, {fd=10, events=POLLIN}, {fd=30, events=POLLIN}, {fd=31, events=POLLIN}], 6, 0) = 0 (Timeout) mprotect(0x207faa20000, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE) = 0 mprotect(0x207faa20000, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC) = 0 mprotect(0x207faa21000, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE) = 0 mprotect(0x207faa21000, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC) = 0 ...$ sudo strace -p 3569 strace: Process 3569 attached restart_syscall(<... resuming interrupted poll ...>) = 1 recvmsg(4, {msg_name(0)=NULL, msg_iov(1)=[{"U\2\24\300!\247\330\0\3\24\4\0\20\0\0\0\0\0\0\24\24\24\24\24\0\0\3\37%\2\0\0", 4096}], msg_controllen=0, msg_flags=0}, 0) = 32 recvmsg(4, 0x7ffee4dbf870, 0) = -1 EAGAIN (Resource temporarily unavailable) recvmsg(4, 0x7ffee4dbf850, 0) = -1 EAGAIN (Resource temporarily unavailable) poll([{fd=3, events=POLLIN}, {fd=4, events=POLLIN}, {fd=5, events=POLLIN}, {fd=10, events=POLLIN}, {fd=30, events=POLLIN}, {fd=31, events=POLLIN}], 6, -1) = 1 ([{fd=31, revents=POLLIN}]) read(31, "\372", 1) = 1 recvmsg(4, 0x7ffee4dbf850, 0) = -1 EAGAIN (Resource temporarily unavailable) poll([{fd=3, events=POLLIN}, {fd=4, events=POLLIN}, {fd=5, events=POLLIN}, {fd=10, events=POLLIN}, {fd=30, events=POLLIN}, {fd=31, events=POLLIN}], 6, 0) = 1 ([{fd=31, revents=POLLIN}]) read(31, "\372", 1) = 1 recvmsg(4, 0x7ffee4dbf850, 0) = -1 EAGAIN (Resource temporarily unavailable) poll([{fd=3, events=POLLIN}, {fd=4, events=POLLIN}, {fd=5, events=POLLIN}, {fd=10, events=POLLIN}, {fd=30, events=POLLIN}, {fd=31, events=POLLIN}], 6, 0) = 0 (Timeout) mprotect(0x207faa20000, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE) = 0 mprotect(0x207faa20000, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC) = 0 mprotect(0x207faa21000, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE) = 0 mprotect(0x207faa21000, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC) = 0 ...$ sudo strace -p 3569 strace: Process 3569 attached restart_syscall(<... resuming interrupted poll ...>) = 1 recvmsg(4, {msg_name(0)=NULL, msg_iov(1)=[{"U\2\24\300!\247\330\0\3\24\4\0\20\0\0\0\0\0\0\24\24\24\24\24\0\0\3\37%\2\0\0", 4096}], msg_controllen=0, msg_flags=0}, 0) = 32 recvmsg(4, 0x7ffee4dbf870, 0) = -1 EAGAIN (Resource temporarily unavailable) recvmsg(4, 0x7ffee4dbf850, 0) = -1 EAGAIN (Resource temporarily unavailable) poll([{fd=3, events=POLLIN}, {fd=4, events=POLLIN}, {fd=5, events=POLLIN}, {fd=10, events=POLLIN}, {fd=30, events=POLLIN}, {fd=31, events=POLLIN}], 6, -1) = 1 ([{fd=31, revents=POLLIN}]) read(31, "\372", 1) = 1 recvmsg(4, 0x7ffee4dbf850, 0) = -1 EAGAIN (Resource temporarily unavailable) poll([{fd=3, events=POLLIN}, {fd=4, events=POLLIN}, {fd=5, events=POLLIN}, {fd=10, events=POLLIN}, {fd=30, events=POLLIN}, {fd=31, events=POLLIN}], 6, 0) = 1 ([{fd=31, revents=POLLIN}]) read(31, "\372", 1) = 1 recvmsg(4, 0x7ffee4dbf850, 0) = -1 EAGAIN (Resource temporarily unavailable) poll([{fd=3, events=POLLIN}, {fd=4, events=POLLIN}, {fd=5, events=POLLIN}, {fd=10, events=POLLIN}, {fd=30, events=POLLIN}, {fd=31, events=POLLIN}], 6, 0) = 0 (Timeout) mprotect(0x207faa20000, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE) = 0 mprotect(0x207faa20000, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC) = 0 mprotect(0x207faa21000, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE) = 0 mprotect(0x207faa21000, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC) = 0 ...$ sudo strace -p 3569 strace: Process 3569 attached restart_syscall(<... resuming interrupted poll ...>) = 1 recvmsg(4, {msg_name(0)=NULL, msg_iov(1)=[{"U\2\24\300!\247\330\0\3\24\4\0\20\0\0\0\0\0\0\24\24\24\24\24\0\0\3\37%\2\0\0", 4096}], msg_controllen=0, msg_flags=0}, 0) = 32 recvmsg(4, 0x7ffee4dbf870, 0) = -1 EAGAIN (Resource temporarily unavailable) recvmsg(4, 0x7ffee4dbf850, 0) = -1 EAGAIN (Resource temporarily unavailable) poll([{fd=3, events=POLLIN}, {fd=4, events=POLLIN}, {fd=5, events=POLLIN}, {fd=10, events=POLLIN}, {fd=30, events=POLLIN}, {fd=31, events=POLLIN}], 6, -1) = 1 ([{fd=31, revents=POLLIN}]) read(31, "\372", 1) = 1 recvmsg(4, 0x7ffee4dbf850, 0) = -1 EAGAIN (Resource temporarily unavailable) poll([{fd=3, events=POLLIN}, {fd=4, events=POLLIN}, {fd=5, events=POLLIN}, {fd=10, events=POLLIN}, {fd=30, events=POLLIN}, {fd=31, events=POLLIN}], 6, 0) = 1 ([{fd=31, revents=POLLIN}]) read(31, "\372", 1) = 1 recvmsg(4, 0x7ffee4dbf850, 0) = -1 EAGAIN (Resource temporarily unavailable) poll([{fd=3, events=POLLIN}, {fd=4, events=POLLIN}, {fd=5, events=POLLIN}, {fd=10, events=POLLIN}, {fd=30, events=POLLIN}, {fd=31, events=POLLIN}], 6, 0) = 0 (Timeout) mprotect(0x207faa20000, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE) = 0 mprotect(0x207faa20000, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC) = 0 mprotect(0x207faa21000, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE) = 0 mprotect(0x207faa21000, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC) = 0 ...$ sudo strace -p 3569 strace: Process 3569 attached restart_syscall(<... resuming interrupted poll ...>) = 1 recvmsg(4, {msg_name(0)=NULL, msg_iov(1)=[{"U\2\24\300!\247\330\0\3\24\4\0\20\0\0\0\0\0\0\24\24\24\24\24\0\0\3\37%\2\0\0", 4096}], msg_controllen=0, msg_flags=0}, 0) = 32 recvmsg(4, 0x7ffee4dbf870, 0) = -1 EAGAIN (Resource temporarily unavailable) recvmsg(4, 0x7ffee4dbf850, 0) = -1 EAGAIN (Resource temporarily unavailable) poll([{fd=3, events=POLLIN}, {fd=4, events=POLLIN}, {fd=5, events=POLLIN}, {fd=10, events=POLLIN}, {fd=30, events=POLLIN}, {fd=31, events=POLLIN}], 6, -1) = 1 ([{fd=31, revents=POLLIN}]) read(31, "\372", 1) = 1 recvmsg(4, 0x7ffee4dbf850, 0) = -1 EAGAIN (Resource temporarily unavailable) poll([{fd=3, events=POLLIN}, {fd=4, events=POLLIN}, {fd=5, events=POLLIN}, {fd=10, events=POLLIN}, {fd=30, events=POLLIN}, {fd=31, events=POLLIN}], 6, 0) = 1 ([{fd=31, revents=POLLIN}]) read(31, "\372", 1) = 1 recvmsg(4, 0x7ffee4dbf850, 0) = -1 EAGAIN (Resource temporarily unavailable) poll([{fd=3, events=POLLIN}, {fd=4, events=POLLIN}, {fd=5, events=POLLIN}, {fd=10, events=POLLIN}, {fd=30, events=POLLIN}, {fd=31, events=POLLIN}], 6, 0) = 0 (Timeout) mprotect(0x207faa20000, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE) = 0 mprotect(0x207faa20000, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC) = 0 mprotect(0x207faa21000, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE) = 0 mprotect(0x207faa21000, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC) = 0 ...$ sudo strace -p 3569 strace: Process 3569 attached restart_syscall(<... resuming interrupted poll ...>) = 1 recvmsg(4, {msg_name(0)=NULL, msg_iov(1)=[{"U\2\24\300!\247\330\0\3\24\4\0\20\0\0\0\0\0\0\24\24\24\24\24\0\0\3\37%\2\0\0", 4096}], msg_controllen=0, msg_flags=0}, 0) = 32 recvmsg(4, 0x7ffee4dbf870, 0) = -1 EAGAIN (Resource temporarily unavailable) recvmsg(4, 0x7ffee4dbf850, 0) = -1 EAGAIN (Resource temporarily unavailable) poll([{fd=3, events=POLLIN}, {fd=4, events=POLLIN}, {fd=5, events=POLLIN}, {fd=10, events=POLLIN}, {fd=30, events=POLLIN}, {fd=31, events=POLLIN}], 6, -1) = 1 ([{fd=31, revents=POLLIN}]) read(31, "\372", 1) = 1 recvmsg(4, 0x7ffee4dbf850, 0) = -1 EAGAIN (Resource temporarily unavailable) poll([{fd=3, events=POLLIN}, {fd=4, events=POLLIN}, {fd=5, events=POLLIN}, {fd=10, events=POLLIN}, {fd=30, events=POLLIN}, {fd=31, events=POLLIN}], 6, 0) = 1 ([{fd=31, revents=POLLIN}]) read(31, "\372", 1) = 1 recvmsg(4, 0x7ffee4dbf850, 0) = -1 EAGAIN (Resource temporarily unavailable) poll([{fd=3, events=POLLIN}, {fd=4, events=POLLIN}, {fd=5, events=POLLIN}, {fd=10, events=POLLIN}, {fd=30, events=POLLIN}, {fd=31, events=POLLIN}], 6, 0) = 0 (Timeout) mprotect(0x207faa20000, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE) = 0 mprotect(0x207faa20000, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC) = 0 mprotect(0x207faa21000, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE) = 0 mprotect(0x207faa21000, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC) = 0 ...$ sudo strace -p 3569 strace: Process 3569 attached restart_syscall(<... resuming interrupted poll ...>) = 1 recvmsg(4, {msg_name(0)=NULL, msg_iov(1)=[{"U\2\24\300!\247\330\0\3\24\4\0\20\0\0\0\0\0\0\24\24\24\24\24\0\0\3\37%\2\0\0", 4096}], msg_controllen=0, msg_flags=0}, 0) = 32 recvmsg(4, 0x7ffee4dbf870, 0) = -1 EAGAIN (Resource temporarily unavailable) recvmsg(4, 0x7ffee4dbf850, 0) = -1 EAGAIN (Resource temporarily unavailable) poll([{fd=3, events=POLLIN}, {fd=4, events=POLLIN}, {fd=5, events=POLLIN}, {fd=10, events=POLLIN}, {fd=30, events=POLLIN}, {fd=31, events=POLLIN}], 6, -1) = 1 ([{fd=31, revents=POLLIN}]) read(31, "\372", 1) = 1 recvmsg(4, 0x7ffee4dbf850, 0) = -1 EAGAIN (Resource temporarily unavailable) poll([{fd=3, events=POLLIN}, {fd=4, events=POLLIN}, {fd=5, events=POLLIN}, {fd=10, events=POLLIN}, {fd=30, events=POLLIN}, {fd=31, events=POLLIN}], 6, 0) = 1 ([{fd=31, revents=POLLIN}]) read(31, "\372", 1) = 1 recvmsg(4, 0x7ffee4dbf850, 0) = -1 EAGAIN (Resource temporarily unavailable) poll([{fd=3, events=POLLIN}, {fd=4, events=POLLIN}, {fd=5, events=POLLIN}, {fd=10, events=POLLIN}, {fd=30, events=POLLIN}, {fd=31, events=POLLIN}], 6, 0) = 0 (Timeout) mprotect(0x207faa20000, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE) = 0 mprotect(0x207faa20000, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC) = 0 mprotect(0x207faa21000, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE) = 0 mprotect(0x207faa21000, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC) = 0 ...$ sudo strace -p 3569 strace: Process 3569 attached restart_syscall(<... resuming interrupted poll ...>) = 1 recvmsg(4, {msg_name(0)=NULL, msg_iov(1)=[{"U\2\24\300!\247\330\0\3\24\4\0\20\0\0\0\0\0\0\24\24\24\24\24\0\0\3\37%\2\0\0", 4096}], msg_controllen=0, msg_flags=0}, 0) = 32 recvmsg(4, 0x7ffee4dbf870, 0) = -1 EAGAIN (Resource temporarily unavailable) recvmsg(4, 0x7ffee4dbf850, 0) = -1 EAGAIN (Resource temporarily unavailable) poll([{fd=3, events=POLLIN}, {fd=4, events=POLLIN}, {fd=5, events=POLLIN}, {fd=10, events=POLLIN}, {fd=30, events=POLLIN}, {fd=31, events=POLLIN}], 6, -1) = 1 ([{fd=31, revents=POLLIN}]) read(31, "\372", 1) = 1 recvmsg(4, 0x7ffee4dbf850, 0) = -1 EAGAIN (Resource temporarily unavailable) poll([{fd=3, events=POLLIN}, {fd=4, events=POLLIN}, {fd=5, events=POLLIN}, {fd=10, events=POLLIN}, {fd=30, events=POLLIN}, {fd=31, events=POLLIN}], 6, 0) = 1 ([{fd=31, revents=POLLIN}]) read(31, "\372", 1) = 1 recvmsg(4, 0x7ffee4dbf850, 0) = -1 EAGAIN (Resource temporarily unavailable) poll([{fd=3, events=POLLIN}, {fd=4, events=POLLIN}, {fd=5, events=POLLIN}, {fd=10, events=POLLIN}, {fd=30, events=POLLIN}, {fd=31, events=POLLIN}], 6, 0) = 0 (Timeout) mprotect(0x207faa20000, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE) = 0 mprotect(0x207faa20000, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC) = 0 mprotect(0x207faa21000, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE) = 0 mprotect(0x207faa21000, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC) = 0 ...$ sudo strace -p 3569 strace: Process 3569 attached restart_syscall(<... resuming interrupted poll ...>) = 1 recvmsg(4, {msg_name(0)=NULL, msg_iov(1)=[{"U\2\24\300!\247\330\0\3\24\4\0\20\0\0\0\0\0\0\24\24\24\24\24\0\0\3\37%\2\0\0", 4096}], msg_controllen=0, msg_flags=0}, 0) = 32 recvmsg(4, 0x7ffee4dbf870, 0) = -1 EAGAIN (Resource temporarily unavailable) recvmsg(4, 0x7ffee4dbf850, 0) = -1 EAGAIN (Resource temporarily unavailable) poll([{fd=3, events=POLLIN}, {fd=4, events=POLLIN}, {fd=5, events=POLLIN}, {fd=10, events=POLLIN}, {fd=30, events=POLLIN}, {fd=31, events=POLLIN}], 6, -1) = 1 ([{fd=31, revents=POLLIN}]) read(31, "\372", 1) = 1 recvmsg(4, 0x7ffee4dbf850, 0) = -1 EAGAIN (Resource temporarily unavailable) poll([{fd=3, events=POLLIN}, {fd=4, events=POLLIN}, {fd=5, events=POLLIN}, {fd=10, events=POLLIN}, {fd=30, events=POLLIN}, {fd=31, events=POLLIN}], 6, 0) = 1 ([{fd=31, revents=POLLIN}]) read(31, "\372", 1) = 1 recvmsg(4, 0x7ffee4dbf850, 0) = -1 EAGAIN (Resource temporarily unavailable) poll([{fd=3, events=POLLIN}, {fd=4, events=POLLIN}, {fd=5, events=POLLIN}, {fd=10, events=POLLIN}, {fd=30, events=POLLIN}, {fd=31, events=POLLIN}], 6, 0) = 0 (Timeout) mprotect(0x207faa20000, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE) = 0 mprotect(0x207faa20000, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC) = 0 mprotect(0x207faa21000, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE) = 0 mprotect(0x207faa21000, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC) = 0 ...$ sudo strace -p 3569 strace: Process 3569 attached restart_syscall(<... resuming interrupted poll ...>) = 1 recvmsg(4, {msg_name(0)=NULL, msg_iov(1)=[{"U\2\24\300!\247\330\0\3\24\4\0\20\0\0\0\0\0\0\24\24\24\24\24\0\0\3\37%\2\0\0", 4096}], msg_controllen=0, msg_flags=0}, 0) = 32 recvmsg(4, 0x7ffee4dbf870, 0) = -1 EAGAIN (Resource temporarily unavailable) recvmsg(4, 0x7ffee4dbf850, 0) = -1 EAGAIN (Resource temporarily unavailable) poll([{fd=3, events=POLLIN}, {fd=4, events=POLLIN}, {fd=5, events=POLLIN}, {fd=10, events=POLLIN}, {fd=30, events=POLLIN}, {fd=31, events=POLLIN}], 6, -1) = 1 ([{fd=31, revents=POLLIN}]) read(31, "\372", 1) = 1 recvmsg(4, 0x7ffee4dbf850, 0) = -1 EAGAIN (Resource temporarily unavailable) poll([{fd=3, events=POLLIN}, {fd=4, events=POLLIN}, {fd=5, events=POLLIN}, {fd=10, events=POLLIN}, {fd=30, events=POLLIN}, {fd=31, events=POLLIN}], 6, 0) = 1 ([{fd=31, revents=POLLIN}]) read(31, "\372", 1) = 1 recvmsg(4, 0x7ffee4dbf850, 0) = -1 EAGAIN (Resource temporarily unavailable) poll([{fd=3, events=POLLIN}, {fd=4, events=POLLIN}, {fd=5, events=POLLIN}, {fd=10, events=POLLIN}, {fd=30, events=POLLIN}, {fd=31, events=POLLIN}], 6, 0) = 0 (Timeout) mprotect(0x207faa20000, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE) = 0 mprotect(0x207faa20000, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC) = 0 mprotect(0x207faa21000, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE) = 0 mprotect(0x207faa21000, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC) = 0 ...$ sudo strace -p 3569 strace: Process 3569 attached restart_syscall(<... resuming interrupted poll ...>) = 1 recvmsg(4, {msg_name(0)=NULL, msg_iov(1)=[{"U\2\24\300!\247\330\0\3\24\4\0\20\0\0\0\0\0\0\24\24\24\24\24\0\0\3\37%\2\0\0", 4096}], msg_controllen=0, msg_flags=0}, 0) = 32 recvmsg(4, 0x7ffee4dbf870, 0) = -1 EAGAIN (Resource temporarily unavailable) recvmsg(4, 0x7ffee4dbf850, 0) = -1 EAGAIN (Resource temporarily unavailable) poll([{fd=3, events=POLLIN}, {fd=4, events=POLLIN}, {fd=5, events=POLLIN}, {fd=10, events=POLLIN}, {fd=30, events=POLLIN}, {fd=31, events=POLLIN}], 6, -1) = 1 ([{fd=31, revents=POLLIN}]) read(31, "\372", 1) = 1 recvmsg(4, 0x7ffee4dbf850, 0) = -1 EAGAIN (Resource temporarily unavailable) poll([{fd=3, events=POLLIN}, {fd=4, events=POLLIN}, {fd=5, events=POLLIN}, {fd=10, events=POLLIN}, {fd=30, events=POLLIN}, {fd=31, events=POLLIN}], 6, 0) = 1 ([{fd=31, revents=POLLIN}]) read(31, "\372", 1) = 1 recvmsg(4, 0x7ffee4dbf850, 0) = -1 EAGAIN (Resource temporarily unavailable) poll([{fd=3, events=POLLIN}, {fd=4, events=POLLIN}, {fd=5, events=POLLIN}, {fd=10, events=POLLIN}, {fd=30, events=POLLIN}, {fd=31, events=POLLIN}], 6, 0) = 0 (Timeout) mprotect(0x207faa20000, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE) = 0 mprotect(0x207faa20000, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC) = 0 mprotect(0x207faa21000, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE) = 0 mprotect(0x207faa21000, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC) = 0 ...3. Linux പ്രക്രിയയുടെ സംഗ്രഹം നേടുക
-c
ഫ്ലാഗ് ഉപയോഗിച്ച്, ഓരോ സിസ്റ്റം കോളിനുമുള്ള മൊത്തം സമയം, കോളുകൾ, പിശകുകൾ എന്നിവയുടെ റിപ്പോർട്ട് നിങ്ങൾക്ക് ഇനിപ്പറയുന്ന രീതിയിൽ സൃഷ്ടിക്കാൻ കഴിയും.$ sudo strace -c -p 3569 strace: Process 3569 attached ^Cstrace: Process 3569 detached % time seconds usecs/call calls errors syscall ------ ----------- ----------- --------- --------- ---------------- 99.73 0.016000 8 1971 poll 0.16 0.000025 0 509 75 futex 0.06 0.000010 0 1985 1966 recvmsg 0.06 0.000009 0 2336 mprotect 0.00 0.000000 0 478 read 0.00 0.000000 0 13 write 0.00 0.000000 0 29 mmap 0.00 0.000000 0 9 munmap 0.00 0.000000 0 18 writev 0.00 0.000000 0 351 madvise 0.00 0.000000 0 1 restart_syscall ------ ----------- ----------- --------- --------- ---------------- 100.00 0.016044 7700 2041 total4. സിസ്റ്റം കോൾ സമയത്ത് ഇൻസ്ട്രക്ഷൻ പോയിന്റർ പ്രിന്റ് ചെയ്യുക
-i
ഓപ്ഷൻ പ്രോഗ്രാം ചെയ്യുന്ന ഓരോ സിസ്റ്റം കോളിന്റെയും സമയത്തും നിർദ്ദേശ പോയിന്റർ പ്രദർശിപ്പിക്കുന്നു.$ sudo strace -i df -h [00007f0d7534c777] execve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 17 vars */]) = 0 [00007faf9cafa4b9] brk(NULL) = 0x12f0000 [00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) [00007faf9cafb47a] mmap(NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7faf9cd03000 [00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) [00007faf9cafb327] open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3 [00007faf9cafb2b4] fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0 [00007faf9cafb47a] mmap(NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7faf9ccde000 [00007faf9cafb427] close(3) = 0 [00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) [00007faf9cafb327] open("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3 [00007faf9cafb347] read(3, "7ELF$ sudo strace -i df -h [00007f0d7534c777] execve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 17 vars */]) = 0 [00007faf9cafa4b9] brk(NULL) = 0x12f0000 [00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) [00007faf9cafb47a] mmap(NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7faf9cd03000 [00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) [00007faf9cafb327] open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3 [00007faf9cafb2b4] fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0 [00007faf9cafb47a] mmap(NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7faf9ccde000 [00007faf9cafb427] close(3) = 0 [00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) [00007faf9cafb327] open("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3 [00007faf9cafb347] read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0P\t\2\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832 [00007faf9cafb2b4] fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0 [00007faf9cafb47a] mmap(NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7faf9c716000 [00007faf9cafb517] mprotect(0x7faf9c8d6000, 2097152, PROT_NONE) = 0 ...$ sudo strace -i df -h [00007f0d7534c777] execve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 17 vars */]) = 0 [00007faf9cafa4b9] brk(NULL) = 0x12f0000 [00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) [00007faf9cafb47a] mmap(NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7faf9cd03000 [00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) [00007faf9cafb327] open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3 [00007faf9cafb2b4] fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0 [00007faf9cafb47a] mmap(NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7faf9ccde000 [00007faf9cafb427] close(3) = 0 [00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) [00007faf9cafb327] open("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3 [00007faf9cafb347] read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0P\t\2\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832 [00007faf9cafb2b4] fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0 [00007faf9cafb47a] mmap(NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7faf9c716000 [00007faf9cafb517] mprotect(0x7faf9c8d6000, 2097152, PROT_NONE) = 0 ...$ sudo strace -i df -h [00007f0d7534c777] execve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 17 vars */]) = 0 [00007faf9cafa4b9] brk(NULL) = 0x12f0000 [00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) [00007faf9cafb47a] mmap(NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7faf9cd03000 [00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) [00007faf9cafb327] open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3 [00007faf9cafb2b4] fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0 [00007faf9cafb47a] mmap(NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7faf9ccde000 [00007faf9cafb427] close(3) = 0 [00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) [00007faf9cafb327] open("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3 [00007faf9cafb347] read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0P\t\2\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832 [00007faf9cafb2b4] fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0 [00007faf9cafb47a] mmap(NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7faf9c716000 [00007faf9cafb517] mprotect(0x7faf9c8d6000, 2097152, PROT_NONE) = 0 ...$ sudo strace -i df -h [00007f0d7534c777] execve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 17 vars */]) = 0 [00007faf9cafa4b9] brk(NULL) = 0x12f0000 [00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) [00007faf9cafb47a] mmap(NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7faf9cd03000 [00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) [00007faf9cafb327] open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3 [00007faf9cafb2b4] fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0 [00007faf9cafb47a] mmap(NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7faf9ccde000 [00007faf9cafb427] close(3) = 0 [00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) [00007faf9cafb327] open("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3 [00007faf9cafb347] read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0P\t\2\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832 [00007faf9cafb2b4] fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0 [00007faf9cafb47a] mmap(NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7faf9c716000 [00007faf9cafb517] mprotect(0x7faf9c8d6000, 2097152, PROT_NONE) = 0 ...$ sudo strace -i df -h [00007f0d7534c777] execve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 17 vars */]) = 0 [00007faf9cafa4b9] brk(NULL) = 0x12f0000 [00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) [00007faf9cafb47a] mmap(NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7faf9cd03000 [00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) [00007faf9cafb327] open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3 [00007faf9cafb2b4] fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0 [00007faf9cafb47a] mmap(NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7faf9ccde000 [00007faf9cafb427] close(3) = 0 [00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) [00007faf9cafb327] open("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3 [00007faf9cafb347] read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0P\t\2\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832 [00007faf9cafb2b4] fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0 [00007faf9cafb47a] mmap(NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7faf9c716000 [00007faf9cafb517] mprotect(0x7faf9c8d6000, 2097152, PROT_NONE) = 0 ...$ sudo strace -i df -h [00007f0d7534c777] execve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 17 vars */]) = 0 [00007faf9cafa4b9] brk(NULL) = 0x12f0000 [00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) [00007faf9cafb47a] mmap(NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7faf9cd03000 [00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) [00007faf9cafb327] open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3 [00007faf9cafb2b4] fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0 [00007faf9cafb47a] mmap(NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7faf9ccde000 [00007faf9cafb427] close(3) = 0 [00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) [00007faf9cafb327] open("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3 [00007faf9cafb347] read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0P\t\2\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832 [00007faf9cafb2b4] fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0 [00007faf9cafb47a] mmap(NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7faf9c716000 [00007faf9cafb517] mprotect(0x7faf9c8d6000, 2097152, PROT_NONE) = 0 ...$ sudo strace -i df -h [00007f0d7534c777] execve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 17 vars */]) = 0 [00007faf9cafa4b9] brk(NULL) = 0x12f0000 [00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) [00007faf9cafb47a] mmap(NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7faf9cd03000 [00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) [00007faf9cafb327] open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3 [00007faf9cafb2b4] fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0 [00007faf9cafb47a] mmap(NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7faf9ccde000 [00007faf9cafb427] close(3) = 0 [00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) [00007faf9cafb327] open("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3 [00007faf9cafb347] read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0P\t\2\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832 [00007faf9cafb2b4] fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0 [00007faf9cafb47a] mmap(NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7faf9c716000 [00007faf9cafb517] mprotect(0x7faf9c8d6000, 2097152, PROT_NONE) = 0 ...$ sudo strace -i df -h [00007f0d7534c777] execve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 17 vars */]) = 0 [00007faf9cafa4b9] brk(NULL) = 0x12f0000 [00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) [00007faf9cafb47a] mmap(NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7faf9cd03000 [00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) [00007faf9cafb327] open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3 [00007faf9cafb2b4] fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0 [00007faf9cafb47a] mmap(NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7faf9ccde000 [00007faf9cafb427] close(3) = 0 [00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) [00007faf9cafb327] open("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3 [00007faf9cafb347] read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0P\t\2\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832 [00007faf9cafb2b4] fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0 [00007faf9cafb47a] mmap(NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7faf9c716000 [00007faf9cafb517] mprotect(0x7faf9c8d6000, 2097152, PROT_NONE) = 0 ...$ sudo strace -i df -h [00007f0d7534c777] execve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 17 vars */]) = 0 [00007faf9cafa4b9] brk(NULL) = 0x12f0000 [00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) [00007faf9cafb47a] mmap(NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7faf9cd03000 [00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) [00007faf9cafb327] open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3 [00007faf9cafb2b4] fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0 [00007faf9cafb47a] mmap(NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7faf9ccde000 [00007faf9cafb427] close(3) = 0 [00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) [00007faf9cafb327] open("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3 [00007faf9cafb347] read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0P\t\2\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832 [00007faf9cafb2b4] fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0 [00007faf9cafb47a] mmap(NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7faf9c716000 [00007faf9cafb517] mprotect(0x7faf9c8d6000, 2097152, PROT_NONE) = 0 ...$ sudo strace -i df -h [00007f0d7534c777] execve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 17 vars */]) = 0 [00007faf9cafa4b9] brk(NULL) = 0x12f0000 [00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) [00007faf9cafb47a] mmap(NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7faf9cd03000 [00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) [00007faf9cafb327] open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3 [00007faf9cafb2b4] fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0 [00007faf9cafb47a] mmap(NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7faf9ccde000 [00007faf9cafb427] close(3) = 0 [00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) [00007faf9cafb327] open("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3 [00007faf9cafb347] read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0P\t\2\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832 [00007faf9cafb2b4] fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0 [00007faf9cafb47a] mmap(NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7faf9c716000 [00007faf9cafb517] mprotect(0x7faf9c8d6000, 2097152, PROT_NONE) = 0 ...$ sudo strace -i df -h [00007f0d7534c777] execve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 17 vars */]) = 0 [00007faf9cafa4b9] brk(NULL) = 0x12f0000 [00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) [00007faf9cafb47a] mmap(NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7faf9cd03000 [00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) [00007faf9cafb327] open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3 [00007faf9cafb2b4] fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0 [00007faf9cafb47a] mmap(NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7faf9ccde000 [00007faf9cafb427] close(3) = 0 [00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) [00007faf9cafb327] open("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3 [00007faf9cafb347] read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0P\t\2\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832 [00007faf9cafb2b4] fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0 [00007faf9cafb47a] mmap(NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7faf9c716000 [00007faf9cafb517] mprotect(0x7faf9c8d6000, 2097152, PROT_NONE) = 0 ...$ sudo strace -i df -h [00007f0d7534c777] execve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 17 vars */]) = 0 [00007faf9cafa4b9] brk(NULL) = 0x12f0000 [00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) [00007faf9cafb47a] mmap(NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7faf9cd03000 [00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) [00007faf9cafb327] open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3 [00007faf9cafb2b4] fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0 [00007faf9cafb47a] mmap(NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7faf9ccde000 [00007faf9cafb427] close(3) = 0 [00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) [00007faf9cafb327] open("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3 [00007faf9cafb347] read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0P\t\2\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832 [00007faf9cafb2b4] fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0 [00007faf9cafb47a] mmap(NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7faf9c716000 [00007faf9cafb517] mprotect(0x7faf9c8d6000, 2097152, PROT_NONE) = 0 ...$ sudo strace -i df -h [00007f0d7534c777] execve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 17 vars */]) = 0 [00007faf9cafa4b9] brk(NULL) = 0x12f0000 [00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) [00007faf9cafb47a] mmap(NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7faf9cd03000 [00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) [00007faf9cafb327] open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3 [00007faf9cafb2b4] fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0 [00007faf9cafb47a] mmap(NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7faf9ccde000 [00007faf9cafb427] close(3) = 0 [00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) [00007faf9cafb327] open("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3 [00007faf9cafb347] read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0P\t\2\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832 [00007faf9cafb2b4] fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0 [00007faf9cafb47a] mmap(NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7faf9c716000 [00007faf9cafb517] mprotect(0x7faf9c8d6000, 2097152, PROT_NONE) = 0 ...$ sudo strace -i df -h [00007f0d7534c777] execve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 17 vars */]) = 0 [00007faf9cafa4b9] brk(NULL) = 0x12f0000 [00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) [00007faf9cafb47a] mmap(NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7faf9cd03000 [00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) [00007faf9cafb327] open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3 [00007faf9cafb2b4] fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0 [00007faf9cafb47a] mmap(NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7faf9ccde000 [00007faf9cafb427] close(3) = 0 [00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) [00007faf9cafb327] open("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3 [00007faf9cafb347] read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0P\t\2\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832 [00007faf9cafb2b4] fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0 [00007faf9cafb47a] mmap(NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7faf9c716000 [00007faf9cafb517] mprotect(0x7faf9c8d6000, 2097152, PROT_NONE) = 0 ...$ sudo strace -i df -h [00007f0d7534c777] execve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 17 vars */]) = 0 [00007faf9cafa4b9] brk(NULL) = 0x12f0000 [00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) [00007faf9cafb47a] mmap(NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7faf9cd03000 [00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) [00007faf9cafb327] open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3 [00007faf9cafb2b4] fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0 [00007faf9cafb47a] mmap(NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7faf9ccde000 [00007faf9cafb427] close(3) = 0 [00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) [00007faf9cafb327] open("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3 [00007faf9cafb347] read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0P\t\2\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832 [00007faf9cafb2b4] fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0 [00007faf9cafb47a] mmap(NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7faf9c716000 [00007faf9cafb517] mprotect(0x7faf9c8d6000, 2097152, PROT_NONE) = 0 ...$ sudo strace -i df -h [00007f0d7534c777] execve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 17 vars */]) = 0 [00007faf9cafa4b9] brk(NULL) = 0x12f0000 [00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) [00007faf9cafb47a] mmap(NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7faf9cd03000 [00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) [00007faf9cafb327] open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3 [00007faf9cafb2b4] fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0 [00007faf9cafb47a] mmap(NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7faf9ccde000 [00007faf9cafb427] close(3) = 0 [00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) [00007faf9cafb327] open("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3 [00007faf9cafb347] read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0P\t\2\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832 [00007faf9cafb2b4] fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0 [00007faf9cafb47a] mmap(NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7faf9c716000 [00007faf9cafb517] mprotect(0x7faf9c8d6000, 2097152, PROT_NONE) = 0 ...$ sudo strace -i df -h [00007f0d7534c777] execve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 17 vars */]) = 0 [00007faf9cafa4b9] brk(NULL) = 0x12f0000 [00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) [00007faf9cafb47a] mmap(NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7faf9cd03000 [00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) [00007faf9cafb327] open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3 [00007faf9cafb2b4] fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0 [00007faf9cafb47a] mmap(NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7faf9ccde000 [00007faf9cafb427] close(3) = 0 [00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) [00007faf9cafb327] open("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3 [00007faf9cafb347] read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0P\t\2\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832 [00007faf9cafb2b4] fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0 [00007faf9cafb47a] mmap(NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7faf9c716000 [00007faf9cafb517] mprotect(0x7faf9c8d6000, 2097152, PROT_NONE) = 0 ...$ sudo strace -i df -h [00007f0d7534c777] execve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 17 vars */]) = 0 [00007faf9cafa4b9] brk(NULL) = 0x12f0000 [00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) [00007faf9cafb47a] mmap(NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7faf9cd03000 [00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) [00007faf9cafb327] open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3 [00007faf9cafb2b4] fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0 [00007faf9cafb47a] mmap(NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7faf9ccde000 [00007faf9cafb427] close(3) = 0 [00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) [00007faf9cafb327] open("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3 [00007faf9cafb347] read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0P\t\2\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832 [00007faf9cafb2b4] fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0 [00007faf9cafb47a] mmap(NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7faf9c716000 [00007faf9cafb517] mprotect(0x7faf9c8d6000, 2097152, PROT_NONE) = 0 ...5. ഓരോ ട്രെയ്സ് ഔട്ട്പുട്ട് ലൈനിനും ദിവസത്തിന്റെ സമയം കാണിക്കുക
-t
ഫ്ലാഗ് പാസ്സുചെയ്യുന്നതിലൂടെ, ട്രെയ്സ് ഔട്ട്പുട്ടിലെ ഓരോ വരിയുടെയും ദിവസത്തിന്റെ സമയം നിങ്ങൾക്ക് പ്രിന്റ് ചെയ്യാനും കഴിയും.$ sudo strace -t df -h 15:19:25 execve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 17 vars */]) = 0 15:19:25 brk(NULL) = 0x234c000 15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) 15:19:25 mmap(NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f8c7f1d9000 15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) 15:19:25 open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3 15:19:25 fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0 15:19:25 mmap(NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7f8c7f1b4000 15:19:25 close(3) = 0 15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) 15:19:25 open("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3 15:19:25 read(3, "7ELF$ sudo strace -t df -h 15:19:25 execve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 17 vars */]) = 0 15:19:25 brk(NULL) = 0x234c000 15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) 15:19:25 mmap(NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f8c7f1d9000 15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) 15:19:25 open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3 15:19:25 fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0 15:19:25 mmap(NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7f8c7f1b4000 15:19:25 close(3) = 0 15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) 15:19:25 open("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3 15:19:25 read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0P\t\2\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832 15:19:25 fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0 15:19:25 mmap(NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7f8c7ebec000 15:19:25 mprotect(0x7f8c7edac000, 2097152, PROT_NONE) = 0 ...$ sudo strace -t df -h 15:19:25 execve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 17 vars */]) = 0 15:19:25 brk(NULL) = 0x234c000 15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) 15:19:25 mmap(NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f8c7f1d9000 15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) 15:19:25 open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3 15:19:25 fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0 15:19:25 mmap(NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7f8c7f1b4000 15:19:25 close(3) = 0 15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) 15:19:25 open("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3 15:19:25 read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0P\t\2\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832 15:19:25 fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0 15:19:25 mmap(NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7f8c7ebec000 15:19:25 mprotect(0x7f8c7edac000, 2097152, PROT_NONE) = 0 ...$ sudo strace -t df -h 15:19:25 execve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 17 vars */]) = 0 15:19:25 brk(NULL) = 0x234c000 15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) 15:19:25 mmap(NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f8c7f1d9000 15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) 15:19:25 open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3 15:19:25 fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0 15:19:25 mmap(NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7f8c7f1b4000 15:19:25 close(3) = 0 15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) 15:19:25 open("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3 15:19:25 read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0P\t\2\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832 15:19:25 fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0 15:19:25 mmap(NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7f8c7ebec000 15:19:25 mprotect(0x7f8c7edac000, 2097152, PROT_NONE) = 0 ...$ sudo strace -t df -h 15:19:25 execve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 17 vars */]) = 0 15:19:25 brk(NULL) = 0x234c000 15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) 15:19:25 mmap(NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f8c7f1d9000 15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) 15:19:25 open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3 15:19:25 fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0 15:19:25 mmap(NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7f8c7f1b4000 15:19:25 close(3) = 0 15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) 15:19:25 open("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3 15:19:25 read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0P\t\2\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832 15:19:25 fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0 15:19:25 mmap(NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7f8c7ebec000 15:19:25 mprotect(0x7f8c7edac000, 2097152, PROT_NONE) = 0 ...$ sudo strace -t df -h 15:19:25 execve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 17 vars */]) = 0 15:19:25 brk(NULL) = 0x234c000 15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) 15:19:25 mmap(NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f8c7f1d9000 15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) 15:19:25 open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3 15:19:25 fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0 15:19:25 mmap(NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7f8c7f1b4000 15:19:25 close(3) = 0 15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) 15:19:25 open("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3 15:19:25 read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0P\t\2\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832 15:19:25 fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0 15:19:25 mmap(NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7f8c7ebec000 15:19:25 mprotect(0x7f8c7edac000, 2097152, PROT_NONE) = 0 ...$ sudo strace -t df -h 15:19:25 execve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 17 vars */]) = 0 15:19:25 brk(NULL) = 0x234c000 15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) 15:19:25 mmap(NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f8c7f1d9000 15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) 15:19:25 open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3 15:19:25 fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0 15:19:25 mmap(NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7f8c7f1b4000 15:19:25 close(3) = 0 15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) 15:19:25 open("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3 15:19:25 read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0P\t\2\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832 15:19:25 fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0 15:19:25 mmap(NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7f8c7ebec000 15:19:25 mprotect(0x7f8c7edac000, 2097152, PROT_NONE) = 0 ...$ sudo strace -t df -h 15:19:25 execve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 17 vars */]) = 0 15:19:25 brk(NULL) = 0x234c000 15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) 15:19:25 mmap(NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f8c7f1d9000 15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) 15:19:25 open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3 15:19:25 fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0 15:19:25 mmap(NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7f8c7f1b4000 15:19:25 close(3) = 0 15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) 15:19:25 open("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3 15:19:25 read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0P\t\2\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832 15:19:25 fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0 15:19:25 mmap(NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7f8c7ebec000 15:19:25 mprotect(0x7f8c7edac000, 2097152, PROT_NONE) = 0 ...$ sudo strace -t df -h 15:19:25 execve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 17 vars */]) = 0 15:19:25 brk(NULL) = 0x234c000 15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) 15:19:25 mmap(NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f8c7f1d9000 15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) 15:19:25 open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3 15:19:25 fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0 15:19:25 mmap(NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7f8c7f1b4000 15:19:25 close(3) = 0 15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) 15:19:25 open("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3 15:19:25 read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0P\t\2\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832 15:19:25 fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0 15:19:25 mmap(NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7f8c7ebec000 15:19:25 mprotect(0x7f8c7edac000, 2097152, PROT_NONE) = 0 ...$ sudo strace -t df -h 15:19:25 execve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 17 vars */]) = 0 15:19:25 brk(NULL) = 0x234c000 15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) 15:19:25 mmap(NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f8c7f1d9000 15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) 15:19:25 open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3 15:19:25 fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0 15:19:25 mmap(NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7f8c7f1b4000 15:19:25 close(3) = 0 15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) 15:19:25 open("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3 15:19:25 read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0P\t\2\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832 15:19:25 fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0 15:19:25 mmap(NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7f8c7ebec000 15:19:25 mprotect(0x7f8c7edac000, 2097152, PROT_NONE) = 0 ...$ sudo strace -t df -h 15:19:25 execve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 17 vars */]) = 0 15:19:25 brk(NULL) = 0x234c000 15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) 15:19:25 mmap(NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f8c7f1d9000 15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) 15:19:25 open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3 15:19:25 fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0 15:19:25 mmap(NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7f8c7f1b4000 15:19:25 close(3) = 0 15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) 15:19:25 open("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3 15:19:25 read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0P\t\2\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832 15:19:25 fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0 15:19:25 mmap(NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7f8c7ebec000 15:19:25 mprotect(0x7f8c7edac000, 2097152, PROT_NONE) = 0 ...$ sudo strace -t df -h 15:19:25 execve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 17 vars */]) = 0 15:19:25 brk(NULL) = 0x234c000 15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) 15:19:25 mmap(NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f8c7f1d9000 15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) 15:19:25 open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3 15:19:25 fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0 15:19:25 mmap(NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7f8c7f1b4000 15:19:25 close(3) = 0 15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) 15:19:25 open("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3 15:19:25 read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0P\t\2\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832 15:19:25 fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0 15:19:25 mmap(NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7f8c7ebec000 15:19:25 mprotect(0x7f8c7edac000, 2097152, PROT_NONE) = 0 ...$ sudo strace -t df -h 15:19:25 execve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 17 vars */]) = 0 15:19:25 brk(NULL) = 0x234c000 15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) 15:19:25 mmap(NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f8c7f1d9000 15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) 15:19:25 open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3 15:19:25 fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0 15:19:25 mmap(NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7f8c7f1b4000 15:19:25 close(3) = 0 15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) 15:19:25 open("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3 15:19:25 read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0P\t\2\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832 15:19:25 fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0 15:19:25 mmap(NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7f8c7ebec000 15:19:25 mprotect(0x7f8c7edac000, 2097152, PROT_NONE) = 0 ...$ sudo strace -t df -h 15:19:25 execve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 17 vars */]) = 0 15:19:25 brk(NULL) = 0x234c000 15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) 15:19:25 mmap(NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f8c7f1d9000 15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) 15:19:25 open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3 15:19:25 fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0 15:19:25 mmap(NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7f8c7f1b4000 15:19:25 close(3) = 0 15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) 15:19:25 open("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3 15:19:25 read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0P\t\2\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832 15:19:25 fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0 15:19:25 mmap(NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7f8c7ebec000 15:19:25 mprotect(0x7f8c7edac000, 2097152, PROT_NONE) = 0 ...$ sudo strace -t df -h 15:19:25 execve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 17 vars */]) = 0 15:19:25 brk(NULL) = 0x234c000 15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) 15:19:25 mmap(NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f8c7f1d9000 15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) 15:19:25 open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3 15:19:25 fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0 15:19:25 mmap(NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7f8c7f1b4000 15:19:25 close(3) = 0 15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) 15:19:25 open("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3 15:19:25 read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0P\t\2\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832 15:19:25 fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0 15:19:25 mmap(NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7f8c7ebec000 15:19:25 mprotect(0x7f8c7edac000, 2097152, PROT_NONE) = 0 ...$ sudo strace -t df -h 15:19:25 execve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 17 vars */]) = 0 15:19:25 brk(NULL) = 0x234c000 15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) 15:19:25 mmap(NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f8c7f1d9000 15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) 15:19:25 open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3 15:19:25 fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0 15:19:25 mmap(NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7f8c7f1b4000 15:19:25 close(3) = 0 15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) 15:19:25 open("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3 15:19:25 read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0P\t\2\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832 15:19:25 fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0 15:19:25 mmap(NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7f8c7ebec000 15:19:25 mprotect(0x7f8c7edac000, 2097152, PROT_NONE) = 0 ...$ sudo strace -t df -h 15:19:25 execve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 17 vars */]) = 0 15:19:25 brk(NULL) = 0x234c000 15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) 15:19:25 mmap(NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f8c7f1d9000 15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) 15:19:25 open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3 15:19:25 fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0 15:19:25 mmap(NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7f8c7f1b4000 15:19:25 close(3) = 0 15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) 15:19:25 open("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3 15:19:25 read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0P\t\2\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832 15:19:25 fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0 15:19:25 mmap(NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7f8c7ebec000 15:19:25 mprotect(0x7f8c7edac000, 2097152, PROT_NONE) = 0 ...$ sudo strace -t df -h 15:19:25 execve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 17 vars */]) = 0 15:19:25 brk(NULL) = 0x234c000 15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) 15:19:25 mmap(NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f8c7f1d9000 15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) 15:19:25 open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3 15:19:25 fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0 15:19:25 mmap(NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7f8c7f1b4000 15:19:25 close(3) = 0 15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) 15:19:25 open("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3 15:19:25 read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0P\t\2\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832 15:19:25 fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0 15:19:25 mmap(NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7f8c7ebec000 15:19:25 mprotect(0x7f8c7edac000, 2097152, PROT_NONE) = 0 ...$ sudo strace -t df -h 15:19:25 execve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 17 vars */]) = 0 15:19:25 brk(NULL) = 0x234c000 15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) 15:19:25 mmap(NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f8c7f1d9000 15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) 15:19:25 open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3 15:19:25 fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0 15:19:25 mmap(NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7f8c7f1b4000 15:19:25 close(3) = 0 15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) 15:19:25 open("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3 15:19:25 read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0P\t\2\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832 15:19:25 fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0 15:19:25 mmap(NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7f8c7ebec000 15:19:25 mprotect(0x7f8c7edac000, 2097152, PROT_NONE) = 0 ...6. സിസ്റ്റം കോളുകളിൽ ചെലവഴിച്ച കമാൻഡ് സമയം പ്രിന്റ് ചെയ്യുക
ഒരു പ്രോഗ്രാം നടത്തുന്ന ഓരോ സിസ്റ്റം കോളിന്റെയും ആരംഭവും അവസാനവും തമ്മിലുള്ള സമയ വ്യത്യാസം കാണിക്കുന്നതിന്,
-T
ഓപ്ഷൻ ഉപയോഗിക്കുക.$ sudo strace -T df -h execve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 17 vars */]) = 0 <0.000287> brk(NULL) = 0xeca000 <0.000035> access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) <0.000028> mmap(NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f9aff2b1000 <0.000020> access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) <0.000019> open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3 <0.000022> fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0 <0.000015> mmap(NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7f9aff28c000 <0.000019> close(3) = 0 <0.000014> ...7. പ്രത്യേക സിസ്റ്റം കോളുകൾ മാത്രം കണ്ടെത്തുക
താഴെയുള്ള കമാൻഡിൽ,
trace=write
എന്നത് ഒരു യോഗ്യതാ പദപ്രയോഗമായി അറിയപ്പെടുന്നു, ഇവിടെ ട്രെയ്സ് ഒരു യോഗ്യതാ (സിഗ്നൽ, ചുരുക്കം, വെർബോസ്, റോ, റീഡ് അല്ലെങ്കിൽ റൈറ്റ് എന്നിവ ഉൾപ്പെടുന്നു). ഇവിടെ, എഴുതുക എന്നത് ക്വാളിഫയറിന്റെ മൂല്യമാണ്.സ്റ്റാൻഡേർഡ് ഔട്ട്പുട്ടിൽ df ഔട്ട്പുട്ട് പ്രിന്റ് ചെയ്യുന്നതിനുള്ള സിസ്റ്റം കോളുകൾ താഴെ പറയുന്ന കമാൻഡ് കാണിക്കുന്നു.
$ sudo strace -e trace=write df -h write(1, "Filesystem Size Used Avail"..., 49Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on ) = 49 write(1, "udev 3.9G 0 3.9G"..., 43udev 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /dev ) = 43 write(1, "tmpfs 788M 9.6M 779M"..., 43tmpfs 788M 9.6M 779M 2% /run ) = 43 write(1, "/dev/sda10 324G 252G 56G"..., 40/dev/sda10 324G 252G 56G 82% / ) = 40 write(1, "tmpfs 3.9G 104M 3.8G"..., 47tmpfs 3.9G 104M 3.8G 3% /dev/shm ) = 47 write(1, "tmpfs 5.0M 4.0K 5.0M"..., 48tmpfs 5.0M 4.0K 5.0M 1% /run/lock ) = 48 write(1, "tmpfs 3.9G 0 3.9G"..., 53tmpfs 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup ) = 53 write(1, "cgmfs 100K 0 100K"..., 56cgmfs 100K 0 100K 0% /run/cgmanager/fs ) = 56 write(1, "tmpfs 788M 28K 788M"..., 53tmpfs 788M 28K 788M 1% /run/user/1000 ) = 53 +++ exited with 0 +++ട്രേസ് ക്വാളിഫയറിനെക്കുറിച്ചുള്ള ചില അധിക കമാൻഡുകൾ ഇതാ.
$ sudo strace -e trace=open,close df -h $ sudo strace -e trace=open,close,read,write df -h $ sudo strace -e trace=all df -h8. ഒരു നിശ്ചിത വ്യവസ്ഥയെ അടിസ്ഥാനമാക്കി സിസ്റ്റം കോളുകൾ കണ്ടെത്തുക
നൽകിയിരിക്കുന്ന ക്ലാസ് ഇവന്റുകളുമായി ബന്ധപ്പെട്ട സിസ്റ്റം കോളുകൾ എങ്ങനെ കണ്ടെത്താമെന്ന് നോക്കാം. പ്രോസസ്സ് മാനേജ്മെന്റ് ഉൾപ്പെടുന്ന എല്ലാ സിസ്റ്റം കോളുകളും കണ്ടെത്തുന്നതിന് ഈ കമാൻഡ് ഉപയോഗിക്കാം.
$ sudo strace -q -e trace=process df -h execve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 17 vars */]) = 0 arch_prctl(ARCH_SET_FS, 0x7fe2222ff700) = 0 Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on udev 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /dev tmpfs 788M 9.6M 779M 2% /run /dev/sda10 324G 252G 56G 82% / tmpfs 3.9G 104M 3.8G 3% /dev/shm tmpfs 5.0M 4.0K 5.0M 1% /run/lock tmpfs 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup cgmfs 100K 0 100K 0% /run/cgmanager/fs tmpfs 788M 28K 788M 1% /run/user/1000 exit_group(0) = ? +++ exited with 0 +++അടുത്തതായി, ഫയൽനാമം ഒരു ആർഗ്യുമെന്റായി എടുക്കുന്ന എല്ലാ സിസ്റ്റം കോളുകളും കണ്ടെത്തുന്നതിന്, ഈ കമാൻഡ് പ്രവർത്തിപ്പിക്കുക.
$ sudo strace -q -e trace=file df -h execve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 17 vars */]) = 0 access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3 access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) open("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3 open("/usr/lib/locale/locale-archive", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3 open("/usr/share/locale/locale.alias", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3 ...മെമ്മറി മാപ്പിംഗ് ഉൾപ്പെടുന്ന എല്ലാ സിസ്റ്റം കോളുകളും കണ്ടെത്തുന്നതിന്, ടൈപ്പ് ചെയ്യുക.
$ sudo strace -q -e trace=memory df -h brk(NULL) = 0x77a000 mmap(NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7fe8f4658000 mmap(NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7fe8f4633000 mmap(NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7fe8f406b000 mprotect(0x7fe8f422b000, 2097152, PROT_NONE) = 0 mmap(0x7fe8f442b000, 24576, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0x1c0000) = 0x7fe8f442b000 mmap(0x7fe8f4431000, 14752, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7fe8f4431000 mmap(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7fe8f4632000 mmap(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7fe8f4631000 mmap(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7fe8f4630000 mprotect(0x7fe8f442b000, 16384, PROT_READ) = 0 mprotect(0x616000, 4096, PROT_READ) = 0 mprotect(0x7fe8f465a000, 4096, PROT_READ) = 0 munmap(0x7fe8f4633000, 147662) = 0 mmap(NULL, 2981280, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7fe8f3d93000 brk(NULL) = 0x77a000 brk(0x79b000) = 0x79b000 mmap(NULL, 619, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7fe8f4657000 mmap(NULL, 26258, PROT_READ, MAP_SHARED, 3, 0) = 0x7fe8f4650000 Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on udev 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /dev tmpfs 788M 9.6M 779M 2% /run /dev/sda10 324G 252G 56G 82% / tmpfs 3.9G 104M 3.8G 3% /dev/shm tmpfs 5.0M 4.0K 5.0M 1% /run/lock tmpfs 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup cgmfs 100K 0 100K 0% /run/cgmanager/fs tmpfs 788M 28K 788M 1% /run/user/1000 +++ exited with 0 +++നിങ്ങൾക്ക് എല്ലാ നെറ്റ്uവർക്കുകളും സിഗ്നലുകളുമായി ബന്ധപ്പെട്ട സിസ്റ്റം കോളുകളും കണ്ടെത്താനാകും.
$ sudo strace -e trace=network df -h $ sudo strace -e trace=signal df -h9. ട്രേസ് ഔട്ട്പുട്ട് ഫയലിലേക്ക് റീഡയറക്uട് ചെയ്യുക
ഒരു ഫയലിലേക്ക് സ്റ്റാൻഡേർഡ് പിശകിലേക്ക് അയച്ച ട്രെയ്സ് സന്ദേശങ്ങൾ എഴുതാൻ,
-o
ഓപ്ഷൻ ഉപയോഗിക്കുക. അതായത് താഴെ കാണിച്ചിരിക്കുന്നത് പോലെ കമാൻഡ് ഔട്ട്പുട്ട് മാത്രമേ സ്ക്രീനിൽ പ്രിന്റ് ചെയ്തിട്ടുള്ളൂ.$ sudo strace -o df_debug.txt df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on udev 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /dev tmpfs 788M 9.6M 779M 2% /run /dev/sda10 324G 252G 56G 82% / tmpfs 3.9G 104M 3.8G 3% /dev/shm tmpfs 5.0M 4.0K 5.0M 1% /run/lock tmpfs 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup cgmfs 100K 0 100K 0% /run/cgmanager/fs tmpfs 788M 28K 788M 1% /run/user/1000ഫയലിലൂടെ നോക്കാൻ, cat കമാൻഡ് ഉപയോഗിക്കുക.
$ cat df_debug.txt10. സ്uട്രേസിന്റെ ചില ഡീബഗ്ഗിംഗ് ഔട്ട്uപുട്ട് കാണിക്കുക
സ്uട്രേസ് ടൂളിനായുള്ള ഡീബഗ്ഗിംഗ് വിവരങ്ങൾ കാണിക്കുന്നതിന്,
-d
ഫ്ലാഗ് ഉപയോഗിക്കുക.$ strace -d df -hകൂടുതൽ വിവരങ്ങൾക്ക്, സ്uട്രേസ് മാൻ പേജ് കാണുക.
$ man straceഈ ഉപയോഗപ്രദമായ അനുബന്ധ ലേഖനങ്ങളും വായിക്കുക:
- Linux പ്രകടനം നിരീക്ഷിക്കുന്നതിനുള്ള 20 കമാൻഡ് ലൈൻ ടൂളുകൾ
- Sysdig - Linux-നുള്ള ഒരു ശക്തമായ സിസ്റ്റം മോണിറ്ററിംഗ്, ട്രബിൾഷൂട്ടിംഗ് ടൂൾ
- ഷെൽ ട്രേസിംഗ് ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഷെൽ സ്uക്രിപ്റ്റിലെ കമാൻഡുകളുടെ എക്uസിക്യൂഷൻ എങ്ങനെ കണ്ടെത്താം
- BCC – Linux പെർഫോമൻസ് മോണിറ്ററിംഗ്, നെറ്റ്uവർക്കിംഗ് എന്നിവയ്uക്കായുള്ള ഡൈനാമിക് ട്രെയ്uസിംഗ് ടൂളുകൾ
ഉപസംഹാരമായി, പ്രോഗ്രാം പരാജയത്തിന്റെ കാരണം (കൾ) കണ്ടുപിടിക്കുന്നതിനുള്ള ഒരു ശ്രദ്ധേയമായ ഉപകരണമാണ് സ്uട്രേസ്: ഇത് ശക്തമായ ഡീബഗ്ഗിംഗും ട്രബിൾ ഷൂട്ടിംഗുമാണ്. പരിചയസമ്പന്നരായ സിസ്റ്റം അഡ്മിനിസ്ട്രേറ്റർമാർക്കും പ്രോഗ്രാമർമാർക്കും ഹാക്കർമാർക്കും ഇത് പ്രായോഗികമായി ഉപയോഗപ്രദമാണ്. ഈ ലേഖനത്തെക്കുറിച്ചുള്ള എന്തെങ്കിലും ചിന്തകൾ പങ്കിടുന്നതിന്, ചുവടെയുള്ള ഫീഡ്uബാക്ക് ഫോം ഉപയോഗിക്കുക.